Bible Commentary

Exodus Chapter 12 details the institution of the Passover and the execution of the tenth plague, the death of Egypt’s firstborns, which secures Israel’s release from slavery. This pivotal chapter marks the climax of God’s judgments on Egypt, the establishment of a foundational covenant ritual, and the beginning of Israel’s exodus. It emphasizes God’s sovereignty, […]

Exodus Chapter 11 announces the tenth and final plague—the death of the firstborn—marking the climactic judgment on Egypt to secure Israel’s release from slavery. This brief chapter intensifies the confrontation between God’s sovereign power and Pharaoh’s persistent rebellion, while highlighting God’s covenant faithfulness and the impending deliverance of His people. It underscores themes of divine

Exodus Chapter 10 details the eighth and ninth plagues—locusts and darkness—as God intensifies His judgment on Egypt to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites from slavery. These plagues devastate Egypt’s agriculture and challenge its religious system, while God continues to protect His people and reveal His sovereign power. The chapter explores themes of divine authority,

Exodus Chapter 9 narrates the fifth, sixth, and seventh plagues—livestock disease, boils, and hail—intensifying God’s judgment on Egypt to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites. This chapter highlights God’s sovereign power over creation, His distinction between His people and their oppressors, and the persistent hardening of Pharaoh’s heart. It reveals theological themes of divine authority,

Exodus Chapter 8 details the second, third, and fourth plagues God sent upon Egypt—frogs, gnats, and flies—as part of His divine judgment to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites from slavery. This chapter showcases God’s sovereign power, the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart, and the escalating conflict between divine authority and human rebellion. Through these plagues,

God’s Commission to Moses and Aaron Exodus 7 marks a pivotal shift in the confrontation between Moses and Pharaoh. God tells Moses, “See, I have made you like God to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron shall be your prophet” (v. 1). This statement establishes divine authority—Moses is God’s representative, and Pharaoh’s resistance is ultimately against

God’s Response to Moses’ Crisis Exodus chapter 6 opens with God’s direct response to Moses’ complaint from the previous chapter. Rather than rebuking Moses for his doubts, God provides an expanded revelation of His nature, purposes, and covenant promises. The opening verse immediately addresses Moses’ concerns with a prophetic declaration: “Now you shall see what

The Initial Confrontation with Pharaoh Exodus chapter 5 marks a pivotal moment in the narrative of Israel’s deliverance from Egypt. Moses and Aaron, armed with God’s commission and miraculous signs, approach the most powerful ruler of their time with an unprecedented request. The chapter opens with their bold declaration: “Thus says the Lord, the God

Moses’ Persistent Doubts and Divine Patience Exodus chapter 4 opens with Moses expressing continued skepticism about his divine commission despite the burning bush encounter. His concern shifts from personal inadequacy to practical credibility: “What if they do not believe me or listen to me and say, ‘The LORD did not appear to you’?” This question

The Setting and Context of Moses’ Divine Encounter Exodus chapter 3 marks a pivotal turning point in biblical history, where God breaks His apparent silence of 400 years and begins the most dramatic rescue mission recorded in Scripture. Moses, now 80 years old, has spent four decades as a shepherd in the wilderness of Midian