1 Samuel Chapter 5 narrates the journey of the ark of God among the Philistines after its capture, demonstrating God’s supremacy over pagan idols and His judgment on those who dishonor Him. Set during the late period of the judges, as Israel transitions toward monarchy, this chapter highlights God’s sovereignty in defending His glory, His […]

1 Samuel Chapter 4 narrates Israel’s devastating defeat by the Philistines, the capture of the ark of God, and the deaths of Eli and his sons, Hophni and Phinehas. Set during the late period of the judges, as Israel transitions toward monarchy, this chapter highlights God’s judgment on unfaithful leadership, His sovereignty over human plans,

1 Samuel Chapter 3 narrates the divine call of Samuel as a prophet, God’s revelation of judgment against Eli’s house, and Samuel’s emergence as a faithful servant in a time of spiritual decline. Set during the late period of the judges, as Israel transitions toward monarchy, this chapter highlights God’s sovereignty in choosing His messengers,

1 Samuel Chapter 2 contrasts Hannah’s faithful prayer and Samuel’s godly service with the corruption of Eli’s sons, Hophni and Phinehas, and God’s judgment against their house. Set during the late period of the judges, as Israel transitions toward monarchy, this chapter highlights God’s sovereignty in exalting the humble, His justice against unfaithfulness, and His

1 Samuel Chapter 1 introduces the birth of Samuel, a pivotal figure in Israel’s history, through the story of Hannah’s fervent prayer, God’s gracious provision, and her faithful dedication of Samuel to the Lord. Set during the late period of the judges, as Israel transitions to monarchy, this chapter highlights God’s sovereignty in answering prayer,

Boaz at the City Gate Ruth chapter 4 opens with Boaz going to the city gate early in the morning. The gate was the center of legal and business activity in ancient towns. Elders conducted court proceedings there. Important transactions were witnessed and recorded at this location. Boaz’s immediate action demonstrates his commitment to resolving

Naomi’s Strategic Planning Ruth chapter 3 begins with Naomi taking initiative to secure Ruth’s future. She expressed concern for Ruth’s rest, using terminology that refers to security, stability, and well-being. Naomi understood that temporary provision through gleaning was insufficient for long-term security. Naomi’s planning demonstrates wisdom and understanding of cultural customs regarding kinsman-redeemer relationships. She

Introduction of Boaz Ruth chapter 2 introduces Boaz, a wealthy and influential man from Bethlehem. The text describes him as a relative of Elimelech, Naomi’s deceased husband. His name means “in him is strength,” suggesting both physical and moral character. Boaz is presented as a man of substance who owns extensive fields and employs many

Historical Setting and Context Ruth chapter 1 opens during the period of the judges. This was a time of moral and spiritual decline in Israel. The opening verse mentions a famine in the land of Judah. Famines were often viewed as divine judgment for disobedience in the Old Testament. The timing suggests God’s discipline on

The Crisis of Near Extinction Judges chapter 21 opens with Israel facing a serious problem. The tribe of Benjamin was almost completely destroyed. Only 600 men survived the devastating war described in chapter 20. These survivors hid at the rock of Rimmon. The other eleven tribes had sworn oaths that prevented them from giving their